Enterprises have long relied on multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) services or IPSec VPNs over
broadband Internet to build wide area networks (WANs). Both of these methods have always had
their challenges. MPLS is a reliable way to establish a virtual private network (VPN) across private
data centers, offices, retail stores, and other locations, but it is expensive to establish. IPSec
VPNs over broadband are cheaper, but are inherently unreliable.
In addition, both of these WAN models were designed for a world where apps lived in a private data
center and users were mostly in offices. Fast forward to the present day — with more data-rich
applications, more applications running in the cloud, and entire workforces enabled to work from
home — and we see conventional WANs struggling to keep up.
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